In 2024, R&D spending reached 651.8 billion TL.

Increase in R&D Expenditures for 2024

In 2024, Turkey's gross domestic R&D expenditure increased by 274 billion 279 million TL compared to the previous year, reaching a total of 651 billion 822 million TL. This increase is an indicator of the country's commitment to innovation and technology.

Ratio of R&D Expenditures to GDP

The share of gross domestic R&D expenditure in GDP was %1.39 in 2023, while in 2024, this ratio rose to %1.46. This stands out as an important factor contributing to Turkey's economic growth.

Leading Role of Financial and Non-Financial Companies

The majority of R&D expenditures were carried out by financial and non-financial companies, accounting for %64.8 of the total. This was followed by higher education institutions contributing at a rate of %30.9. The share of general government R&D expenditures in the total was %4.3.

Sources of Financing and Distribution

As of 2024, %53.8 of R&D expenditures were financed by financial and non-financial companies. The general government's resources contributed %30.4, higher education %12.9, and foreign sources accounted for %2.9.

R&D Personnel Statistics

In terms of full-time equivalents (FTE), a total of 310 thousand 473 R&D personnel worked in 2024. Of this personnel, %67.1 were employed in financial and non-financial companies, %30.0 in higher education institutions, and %2.9 in nonprofit organizations.

Ratio of Female R&D Personnel

The number of female employees in the R&D field comprised a total of 106 thousand 74 individuals, representing %34.2. In higher education, this ratio was %47.9, in general government %30.6, and in financial and non-financial companies %28.2.